Epitaxial thin films of biferroic (Bi1−xLax)2NiMnO6 have been grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates. High resolution electron microscopy, energy-loss spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation have been used to demonstrate that, under appropriate growth conditions, stoichiometric, and fully oxidized thin films with long-range order of Ni2+ and Mn4+ ions can be obtained, despite the presence of randomly distributed dissimilar cations (Bi, La) at the A-site. This ordering leads to Ni2+–O–Mn4+ ferromagnetic interactions and its preservation in thin films is key for implementation of these biferroic materials in practical devices.
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Langenberg et al. (2010) studied this question.
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