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[Mixed-metal oxide]/[Nafion] hybrid films were formulated via in situ sol-gel reactions for tetrabutyl titanate/tetraethoxysilane and for aluminum tri-sec-butoxide/tetraethoxysilane alkoxide pairs. Inorganic composition profiles across film thicknesses were investigated via X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy with an environmental scanning microscope. Mechanical tensile analysis was used to infer inorganic oxide nanophase/Nafion interfacial interactions, as well as interknitting of inorganic oxide nanoparticles. The TiO2 component within the titaniasilicate-filled hybrids was concentrated in glassy near-surface regions, whereas the SiO2-Al2O3 phase within aluminasilicate-filled hybrids was distributed homogeneously causing mechanical ductility. Investigations of structural topology within the inorganic oxide phases were conducted via IR and NMR spectroscopies.
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Shao et al. (1995) studied this question.
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