Electrical conductivity of aqueous acids in binary and ternary water-electrolyte systems

We analyze electrical conductivity data for aqueous solutions of strong and weak acids over a wide range of concentrations at various temperatures. Electrical conductivity isotherms in these solutions are characterized by peaks, whose parameters correlate with the molecular structure of solutions. On the basis of the concentration dependence of the activation energy of electrical conductivity, the acid solutions are divided into two groups. One includes HIO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , and H 3 PO 4 ; the other includes HCl, HBr, HI, HClO 4 , HNO 3 , and carboxylic acids. We show that anomalous proton migration is operative only in low-concentration solutions until their concentration reaches the peak on conductivity isotherms. The effect of extrinsic ions on proton mobility and on conductivity in acid-salt-water systems is considered.