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A method of generating bias has been developed which greatly facilitates studying the voltage-current characteristics of tunnel junctions. A triangle wave to sweep the bias, a dc level for offset, and a small amplitude sine wave used for taking derivatives are all summed in a dc amplifier. The junction is biased by the attenuated output of this amplifier with either a high or low impedance load line. The two transistor circuits which largely comprise this bias supply are compact and battery powered, minimizing grounding problems.
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Andrew Longacre (1970) studied this question.
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