Measurement and prediction of voltage flicker magnitude and frequency

Voltage flicker refers to a slow-0.5 to 30 Hz-modulation of the power system voltage magnitude. This periodic fluctuation can be modelled as an amplitude modulated signal, where the fundamental power frequency represents the carrier signal and the voltage flicker represents the modulating signal. An algorithm based on this premise is developed to estimate the instantaneous magnitude and frequency of the voltage flicker. The algorithm, which is based on Kalman filter estimation, can also be used to predict the instantaneous flicker level.>