Percutaneous transluminal balloon venoplasty is a viable treatment option for relieving venous obstruction caused by permanent transvenous pacemaker electrodes.
May support balloon venoplasty for pacemaker-related venous obstruction; hypothesis-generating and should not change practice.
Transvenous placement of permanent pacemaker leads is currently the most common method for permanent cardiac pacing. Venous abnormalities, in particular venous stenosis or thrombosis (or both) frequently have been described, although most patients remain asymptomatic because of the development of an adequate venous collateral circulation. Venous obstruction often first becomes apparent during pacemaker lead revision, when difficulty passing the new pacing lead is encountered. In this report, we present two cases of venous stenosis and thrombosis due to permanent transvenous pacemaker electrodes and the use of percutaneous transluminal balloon venoplasty to relieve the venous obstruction.
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Spittell et al. (1990) studied this question.
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