The doping of lanthanide ions in semiconductor TiO2 nanoparticles is studied. The presence of the TiO2 absorption band in the excitation spectrum of the lanthanide (see graphic; excitation and emission) proves the existence of energy transfer from the host material to the lanthanide ion. Energy transfer to several lanthanide ions occurs, including to Er3+, Nd3+, Yb3+, and Eu3+.
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Stouwdam et al. (2004) studied this question.
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