This paper describes the technique of determining the complete operating characteristics of a hydraulic machine such as a centrifugal pump or a turbine, together with a method of presenting these characteristics in a convenient manner on a single diagram. The characteristics of a modern, high-head, high-efficiency pump are analyzed and presented in the manner proposed. The use of these complete characteristics for the prediction of the behavior of the machine during operating transients is discussed and the analytical background is presented. The assumptions involved are investigated and experimental checks of their validity are offered. The interrelationships between the hydraulic characteristics of the machine and the pipe line are indicated.
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Robert T. Knapp (1937) studied this question.
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