Propene/Ethene-[1-13C] Copolymerization as a Tool for Investigating Catalyst Regioselectivity. 2. The MgCl2/TiCl4−AlR3System

The propene/ethene-[1- 13 C] copolymerization method has been applied to measure precisely the regioselectivity in propene polymerization of the “simple” MgCl 2 /TiCl 4 catalyst (activated with Al( i Bu) 3 ), which can be viewed as the ancestor of all present-day MgCl 2 -supported industrial catalysts containing Lewis bases as selective modifiers. It has been found that the average content of 2,1-regiomistakes in the polypropylene produced is fairly high (ca. 0.7 mol %), although not unexpectedly, due to the multisite catalyst nature these are distributed rather nonuniformly throughout the polymer. The difficulty in detecting the 2,1-units, despite their relatively high concentration, in the 13 C NMR spectra of homopolymer samples at natural 13 C abundance has been traced to their occurrence in a variety of stereochemical environments, which leads to splitting and broadening of the corresponding resonances. The fraction of “dormant” polypropylene chains with a 2,1-last-inserted unit was estimated to be in the 20−50% range. QM calculations of regioselectivity on classical Corradini-type models of epitactic octahedral catalytic Ti species turned out to be in basic agreement with the experiment.