Photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy have been used to investigate how the oxidation state of Ce in CeO 2− x (111) ultrathin films is influenced by the presence of Pd nanoparticles. Pd induces an increase in the concentration of Ce 3+ cations, which is interpreted as charge transfer from Pd to CeO 2− x (111) on the basis of DFT+U calculations. Charge transfer from Pd to Ce 4+ is found to be energetically favorable even for individual Pd adatoms. These results have implications for our understanding of the redox behavior of ceria-based model catalyst systems.
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Wilson et al. (2008) studied this question.
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