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CME Educational Objectives 1. Learn the symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and prevalence of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE). 2. Understand the current hypotheses regarding the putative mechanisms underlying NPSLE. 3. Become familiar with some of the current strategies for treatment of NPSLE and understand their limitations. The neuropsychiatric aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus have been less studied than the peripheral aspects of the disease, and the importance of neuropsychiatric symptoms has been underestimated. Furthermore, until recently, the diagnostic criteria were not standardized and were not sufficiently based on systematic evidence from preclinical and clinical data.
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Gulinello et al. (2012) studied this question.
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