Heikki Roininen, Peter W. Price, Jorma Tahvanainen, Bottom-Up and Top-Down Influences in the Trophic System of a Willow, a Galling Sawfly, Parasitoids and Inquilines, Oikos, Vol. 77, No. 1 (Oct., 1996), pp. 44-50
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Roininen et al. (1996) studied this question.
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