Key result
Inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II-A activity or its regulatory light chain phosphorylation significantly augmented Sendai virus fusion with host cells.
The Rho-ROCK-NMII contractility signaling pathway may provide a physical barrier to host cells against viral fusion.
May indicate NMII as host barrier to viral fusion; hypothesis-generating from animal data, no practice change warranted.
Enveloped viruses enter host cells through membrane fusion and the cells in turn alter their shape to accommodate components of the virus. However, the role of nonmuscle myosin II of the actomyosin complex of host cells in membrane fusion is yet to be understood. Herein, we show that both (-) blebbistatin, a specific inhibitor of nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) and small interfering RNA markedly augment fusion of Sendai virus (SeV), with chinese hamster ovary cells and human hepatocarcinoma cells. Inhibition of RLC phosphorylation using inhibitors against ROCK, but not PKC and MRCK, or overexpression of phospho-dead mutant of RLC enhances membrane fusion. SeV infection increases cellular stiffness and myosin light chain phosphorylation at two hour post infection. Taken together, the present investigation strongly indicates that Rho-ROCK-NMII contractility signaling pathway may provide a physical barrier to host cells against viral fusion.
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Das et al. (2015) studied Sendai virus infection. NMII inhibition ((-)-blebbistatin or siRNA) vs. Vehicle or inactive enantiomer was evaluated on Membrane fusion (lipid mixing) (p=<0.05). Inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II-A activity or its regulatory light chain phosphorylation significantly augmented Sendai virus fusion with host cells.
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