The microstructural evolution of Mn-implanted p-type GaN has been studied using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. As Mn3Ga nanoclusters (3–7 nm) with a hexagonal structure were produced by annealing (⩽800 °C), the weak ferromagnetic property emerged. Higher-temperature annealing (⩾900 °C) reduced the ferromagnetic signal and produced antiferromagnetic Mn-nitride nanoclusters, such as Mn6N2.58 and Mn3N2. This provides evidence that the ferromagnetic property was deeply related to microstructural changes of nanoclusters.
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Baik et al. (2003) studied this question.
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