When two watery solutions are separated by a thin membrane of a suitable glass, a potential difference is set up between them which depends on their hydrogen ion concentrations. Glass electrodes made on this principle can be used to measure hydrogen ion concentrations when the ordinary hydrogen electrode is useless on account of the presence of oxygen, etc. Special precautions are necessary in measuring the E.M.F. on account of the high resistance of the electrode.
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W. E. Brown (1924) studied this question.