The virial theorem of Milne is extended to include frictional forces which are functions of position and time, while that of Fock and Krutov is given a much simpler derivation and is made to include non-conservative systems. The relation between PV and the moments of E, Eᵣ, and v is derived for a general ideal relativistic gas. Finally, a proof of the mathematical equivalence between the kinetic and statistical methods of deriving the virial theorem is given.
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Harvey Einbinder (1948) studied this question.