A lift-off process has been developed to obtain Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on flexible polymer sheets. The absorber layer is grown by a co-evaporation method on a polyimide layer, which is spin coated on a NaCl covered glass substrate. The NaCl intermediate layer can provide Na to the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layer during deposition. After the complete processing of the cells, the NaCl buffer layer is dissolved to separate the glass substrate from the ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2/Mo/polyimide stack. A record conversion efficiency of 12.8% (total area) under AM1·5 illumination was independently measured at FhG/ISE, Freiburg, Germany. Such high efficiency solar cells on light weight and flexible substrates are needed for novel terrestrial and space applications.
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Tiwari et al. (1999) studied this question.