High-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells using ferrocene-based electrolytes and natural photosensitizers

A new and promising dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) bilayer design was developed using an Fe2+/Fe3+ (ferrocene) liquid electrolyte and natural dyes extracted from Hypericum perforatum, Rubia tinctorum L. and Reseda luteola. The photovoltaic parameters controlling the device performance were then investigated. A DSSC based on quercetin dye displayed the most efficient solar to electricity conversion efficiency compared with other dyes with a maximum η value of 2.17%. Maximum overall conversion efficiencies under simulated sunlight that was comparable to natural photosynthesis were increased by 15%. The identification of appropriate additives for improving V OC without causing dye degradation may result in further enhancement of cell performance, making the practical application of such systems more suitable for achieving economically viable solar energy devices.