High coercivities have been obtained in as-cast R-Fe-B(M) alloys with impurity additions M such as Al, Cu, Pb, and Ag. The coercivities are obtained after a homogenization heat treatment at a temperature in the range of 900–1000 °C which leads to a special microstructure consisting of R2Fe14 B grains surrounded by an R-M-rich phase. The coercivity is attributed to localized domain wall pinning at around the grain boundaries.
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Hadjipanayis et al. (1989) studied this question.
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