Integrated RNA gene expression analysis identified potential immune-related biomarkers and RNA regulatory pathways of acute myocardial infarction

Figures

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  Fig 1. A. Heat map of gene expression. Heat map of gene expression with expression levels shown as rectangles of different colors: red indicates high levels of differential genes, while Combined with the relationship between their expression levels blue indicates low levels of differential genes. B. Vulcano plot. Vulcano plot showing the difference in DEGs between AMI samples and healthy controls. Genes that are overexpressed are shown in red, while temporarily unrelated genes are shown in black. Genes that are downregulated are shown in blue.

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  Fig 2. A, GO Circle plot of biological process. The GO circle plot of biological processes shows the biological processes of enrichment. The main enrichment processes are leukocyte chemotaxis:. B, GO Circle plot of cellular component. The GO circle plot of cellular constituents shows the enriched cellular component. The main enriched cellular component is collagen-containing extracellular matrix. C, GO Circle plot of molecular function. GO circles plot of molecular functions shows the enriched molecular functions. The main enriched molecular function is chemokine activity. D. GO Circle of biological process. GO circle of biological processes shows the enriched biological processes. The main enriched processes are granulocyte chemotaxis, granulocyte migration, neutrophil chemotaxis, leukocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil migration, myeloid leukocyte migration, cell chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, blood coagulation, hemostasis. E. GO Circle of cellular component, The GO circle of cellular components shows the enriched cellular components. The main enriched cellular components are secretory granule lumen, cytoplasmic vesicle lumen, vesicle lumen, collagen–containing extracellular matrix,…

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  Fig 3. PPI network. MCODE uncovered a DEG PPI network with three cluster components. a Protein-protein interaction network generated by DEGs. Protein-protein associations are represented by the nodes and edges of the graph. Red diamonds express upregulated genes, whereas green and blue hexagons represent downregulated genes. MCODE was able to extract three cluster modules. With the most points, Cluster 1 (b) was the winner, followed by Cluster 2 (c) and Cluster 3. (d).

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  Fig 4. Box plots for group comparisons. Verification of the eight immune system-specific hub genes that are expressed. ***: p < 0.001, **: p < 0.01, *: p < 0.05, ns: no significant difference. A significant upregulation of five genes occurs in MI samples compared to standard samples. A. Group comparisons of AQP9. B. Group comparisons of CCL4. C. Group comparisons of FPR1. D. Group comparisons of IL1B. E. Group comparisons of IL1RN. F. Group comparisons of S100A9. G. Group comparisons of S100A12. H. Group comparisons of TREM1.

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  Fig 5. ROC plot. Gene expression ROC curve for the eight immune system-specific hub genes. AUC: the surface area under the ROC curve A. ROC plot of AQP9. B. ROC plot of CCL4. C. ROC plot of FPR1. D. ROC plot of IL1B. E. ROC plot of IL1RN. F. ROC plot of S100A9. G. ROC plot of S100A12. H. ROC plot of TREM1.

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  Fig 6. The mRNA-miRNA co-expression network. The mRNA-miRNA co-expression network was designed using Cytoscape. In a network, hub genes and miRNA targets are co-expressed together. TREM1 contains just six target miRNAs, compared to IL1RN’s dozens of miRNAs. The nodes represent mRNA and miRNA, while the edges represent the relationship between mRNA and miRNA interaction.

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  Fig 7. ceRNA networks. Three ceRNA networks comprised AQP9, IL1B, and IL1RN, as well as possible RNA regulatory mechanisms.