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✓ In a series of 227 patients considered to have a sufficiently severe lumbar disc syndrome to warrant surgery, only 70 had a simple herniation of the nucleus pulposus; 65 had lumbar spondylosis and five spinal stenosis. The remainder had combinations of two or more of these three conditions, as determined by Pantopaque myelography in all cases and substantiated by operative findings in the majority. The possibility that any of these changes may cause a lumbar disc syndrome is emphasized in relation to appropriate surgical management.
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Paine et al. (1972) studied this question.
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