An investigation is reported into the mode of action of two commercial flame-resist treatments for wool containing inorganic tin salts. For stannic chloride–ammonium bifluoride formulations, it is shown by 119mSn Mössbauer spectroscopy that the tin species initially exhausted onto the fabric (SnF5OH2−) is chemically different from that observed after washing (SnO2). A similar study of the potassium hexafluorozirconate–stannous chloride–hydrochloric acid system indicated that SnO2 was formed, even before washing, and that no tin (II) species remained. The flame-resist properties of several other tin (IV) salts on wool are also reported. Stannic oxide itself appears to be ineffective as a flame-retardant for wool.
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Cusack et al. (1979) studied this question.
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