Third- and fourth-degree perineal laceration in vaginal delivery

Third-and fourth-degree perineal laceration in vaginal delivery from the univariate analysis were fetal macrosomia [OR 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2e5.5],nulliparity (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8e4.6),labor induction (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0e3.5),failure of labor to progress during the second stage (OR 10.8, 95% CI 5.4e21.1),nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns (OR 11.7, 95% CI 6.1e21.5),mediolateral episiotomy (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.8e4.5),vacuum extraction (OR 10.6, 95% CI 6.1e18.3),and forceps delivery (OR 29.2, 95% CI 7.3e97.2).However, using a multivariable analysis, only fetal macrosomia (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2e4.9),vacuum extraction (OR 8.2, 95% CI 4.7e14.5),and forceps delivery (OR 26.7, 95% CI 8.0e88.5)remained as independent risk factors.