Population
21 patients with retained endocardial pacemaker leads
Design
Case_series
Follow-up
total observation period of 1097 months
Authors
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Retained leads were mostly asymptomatic; this case report leaves open optimal thresholds for extraction.
Retained pacemaker leads are generally well tolerated, suggesting that major surgical removal should be reserved for life-threatening complications such as persistent infection or dangerous migration.
Zerbe et al. (1985) studied this question.
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