New tripodal urea receptors demonstrate preferential binding of anions over competitive hydrogen bonding solvents. 1H NMR titrations in 10 % [D6]DMSO/CDCl3 show a higher affinity for nitrate over the halides for the fluorinated receptor, which is lost when the fluorine atoms are absent. An anion–π interaction between the nitrate and the π-system of the ethynyl-substituted arene is proposed as the source of this selectivity.
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Watt et al. (2013) studied this question.
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