L. Muscatine, R. R. Pool, R. K. Trench, Symbiosis of Algae and Invertebrates: Aspects of the Symbiont Surface and the Host-Symbiont Interface, Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, Vol. 94, No. 4, Symposium on Biological Surfaces (Oct., 1975), pp. 450-469
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Muscatine et al. (1975) studied this question.