The use of distraction osteogenesis for reconstruction of bone defects after tumor resection of high-grade lesions

The use of distraction osteogenesis through external and internal techniques to primarily treat bone defects after tumor resection is a powerful and versatile surgical technique, but it is relatively uncommon. The techniques of distraction osteogenesis are increasingly refined. As a result, the indications for its use are expanding, while the problems historically encountered can be prevented or minimized. As such, the use of distraction osteogenesis for orthopaedic oncology is increasing. The appeal of distraction osteogenesis is its ability to reconstruct the defect with healthy host bone, which is the most durable reconstructive option. Given how many years a pediatric patient has to rely on any given reconstruction, distraction osteogenesis gives the highest chance of long-term survival. This article aims to review the safety and efficacy of the increasing trend of distraction osteogenesis in high-grade lesions. Although currently indicated in only a narrow group of patients, it is important to recognize this surgical technique as a viable reconstructive option. Distraction osteogenesis is likely to expand as a primary surgical reconstructive option in high-grade lesions as the techniques evolve for both internal and external lengthening.