The influence of several phosphine ligands on the activity, selectivity and stability of the catalytic system Pd(acac)2, ligand, [HOEt2][BF4] was studied in the dimerization of methyl acrylate (MA). It was found that the catalyst's activity increased with increasing the basicity of the monodentate ligands used, whereas bulky phosphines lowered the linearity of the dimers and the reaction rates. With chelating P N‐, P P‐, and P As‐ligands the Pd‐catalyst could be efficiently stabilized during the reaction. The use of 1‐dibutylphosphino‐2‐dimethylaminoethane as ammonium tetrafluoroborate salt allowed the highest overall activity.
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Zimmermann et al. (2003) studied this question.
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