3D Simulation Analysis of Central Shunt in Patient-Specific Hemodynamics: Effects of Varying Degree of Pulmonary Artery Stenosis and Shunt Diameters

Figures

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  Figure 1. The reconstruction process of the 3D anatomies of the pulmonary artery stenosis patient. Only the 4 mm diameter shunt is shown in the figure, but other sizes configurations (3, 3.5, 4.5, and 5 mm) are provided in scale for comparison and the angle and position of anastomosis remain unchanged. The 3D model on the LEFT represents pulmonary artery atresia (α = 0%) and the RIGHT shows pulmonary artery stenosis (α = 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%). Sections A-A, B-B, C-C, and D-D indicate the cross sections of LPA, RPA, and the shunt, respectively.

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  Figure 2. Mesh information.

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  Figure 3. Schematic of resistance boundary conditions. RIA, RLCA, RLSA, RDAO, RLPA, and RRPA represent the downstream vascular resistance of IA, LCA, LSA, DAO, LPA, and RPA, respectively. QAAO and QMPA represent the flow rate of AAO and MPA, respectively.

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  Figure 4. Cloud map of QLPA/RPA and QP/QS changing with the shunt diameters and stenosis ratio α.

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  Figure 5. Effect of shunt diameter on oxygen delivery (DO2) under different α.

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  Figure 6. Power loss at different shunt diameters and PA stenosis ratios α.

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  Figure 7. The relative power loss changing with stenosis ratio α under different shunt diameters.

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  Figure 8. 3D blood flow streamlines under the 3, 4, and 5 mm shunt diameter with α of 0% and 5%. Velocity vector of LPA and RPA represents vector distribution of sections A-A and B-B (Figure 1), respectively. The velocity distribution at the cross section (section D-D in Figure 1) of the shunt is shown. The pressure distribution and velocity vector at the cross section of the shunt (section C-C in Figure 1) are also shown in the figure: (a) shunt = 3 mm α = 15%, (b) shunt = 4 mm α = 15%, (c) shunt = 5 mm α = 15%, (d) shunt = 3 mm α = 30%, (e) shunt = 4 mm α = 30%, and (f) shunt = 5 mm α = 30%.

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  Figure 9. 3D blood flow streamlines under the 3, 4, and 5 mm shunt diameter with α of 15% and 30%. Velocity vector of LPA and RPA represents vector distribution of sections A-A and B-B (Figure 1), respectively. The velocity distribution at the cross section (section D-D in Figure 1) of the shunt is shown. The pressure distribution and velocity vector at the cross section of the shunt (section C-C in Figure 1) are also shown in the figure: (a) shunt = 3 mm α = 15%, (b) shunt = 4 mm α = 15%, (c) shunt = 5 mm α = 15%, (d) shunt = 3 mm α = 30%, (e) shunt = 4 mm α = 30%, and (f) shunt = 5 mm α = 30%.