Association of Hemoglobin–Albumin–Lymphocyte–Platelet Count (HALP) Score and Type 2 Diabetes Retinopathy

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents a frequent microvascular consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both inflammatory activity and nutritional status influence its development. The hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-platelet (HALP) index is a composite marker that reflects these factors and has been explored in several diseases. This study assessed its association with the occurrence and severity of DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: tests, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. CONCLUSION: Although the HALP index did not independently predict DR, its downward trend in advanced stages suggests potential as part of a multifactorial risk assessment. Owing to its affordability and simplicity, the HALP index may complement existing tools for identifying patients at higher risk of vision-threatening DR.