A simple and mild method for the direct conversion of carboxylic acids to primary amides has been developed by using 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT-MM). The reaction proceeds by adding DMT-MM to a mixture of carboxylic acids and an ammonia source in methanol, 2-propanol, or THF without any additives. The present method is quite practical in that aqueous ammonia or ammonium chloride/triethylamine can be used as an ammonia source. Methanol or 2-propanol is an ideal polar solvent because it is inexpensive, can be removed by rotary evaporator, and solubilizes many kinds of polar or nonpolar compounds.
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Mizuhara et al. (2008) studied this question.
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