Extraction and purification of isochlorogenic acid C from Chrysanthemum morifolium using ionic liquid‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction and aqueous two‐phase system

Ionic liquid‐based ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (IL‐UAE) was developed to extract and separate the isochlorogenic acid C (ICGA) from a cultivar of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Chrysanthemummorifolium Ra Tnat.). The influencing parameters, includingILconcentration, liquid‐to‐solid ratio, and ultrasonic time, were optimized using response surface methodology. Of theILs studied, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide [(Bmim)Br] exhibited the best extraction ability. The optimized conditions included liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 23.44:1, ultrasonic time of 48.99 min, andILconcentration of 0.65 mol/L. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield ofICGAcould reach to 4.20 mg/g. An aqueous two‐phase system was applied for purification and separation ofICGA. The maximum extraction efficiency of 98.18% was obtained under the conditions of (NH4)2SO4of 4.5 g,pHof 3.0, and a temperature of 20°C at aqueous solution. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters showed that the purification ofICGAfrom salt‐rich phase toIL‐rich phase was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The results indicated that the proposed system is simple, rapid, and effective to serve as a viable and sustainable platform for the extraction and purification ofICGAfrom Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers.