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Review examines clinical controversies in staged external to internal fixation for orthopaedic trauma, highlighting optimal pin placement, infection prevention, and conversion strategies.
External fixation is a widely used technique for a myriad of bone fractures and pathologies in all extremities. Despite its widespread use, controversies and unknowns still exist. This review article seeks to discuss current literature surrounding pin insertion technique, pin-site care, intraoperative use during conversion to definitive fixation, the relationship of pin sites to definitive fixation, and pin-site management after removal for temporary external fixation.
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Wynn et al. (2024) studied this question.
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