Harnessing the potential of nanoprisms for diagnostic and therapeutic applications

Nanoprisms, a distinctive class of nanostructures, have garnered significant attention in nanomedicine due to their exceptional optical, electronic, and physicochemical properties. This review highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of nanoprisms, emphasizing their transformative role in modern healthcare. First, it provides an overview of current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies within nanomedicine and underscores the unique attributes of nanoprisms. The synthesis and functionalization of nanoprisms, including seed-mediated growth and surface modification techniques like PEGylation and ligand conjugation, are discussed, showcasing how size, shape, and material composition influence their applications. Their diagnostic capabilities span bioimaging techniques, such as plasmonic and photoacoustic imaging, molecular diagnostics, and pathogen detection. In therapeutics, nanoprisms excel in photothermal cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, and antimicrobial applications, including combating multidrug-resistant strains. Finally, the review addresses existing challenges and future opportunities in advancing nanoprism-based technologies, paving the way for innovative solutions in diagnostics and therapy. • Nanoprisms possess exceptional optical, electronic, and physicochemical properties. • Nanoprism consists unique properties which enhance targeted drug delivery and gene therapy efficiency. • Nanoprisms excel in photothermal therapy and fighting multidrug resistance. • Nanoprisms play vital role in diagnostics and therapeutics in modern healthcare.