The development and maintenance of sexual dysfunction: An explanation based on cognitive theory

The literature exploring the aetiology of sexual dysfunction is largely atheoretical. This situation stems primarily from the fact that most studies are clinical in their focus. The scientific literature on sexual function and dysfunction is fairly recent and, even here, most studies are confined to the examination of a single dysfunction or aspect of dysfunction. As a result there has been an insufficiently comprehensive database to allow for the development of a general model to explain the aetiology of sexual dysfunction. However, sufficient data have been gathered in the last few years to allow such a general model to be proposed. The model presented in this paper explains the development of sexual dysfunction by an individual in a relationship. The model would need to be slightly modified to explain sexual dysfunction in people not currently involved in relationships. Cognitive theory is used to explain the causes of sexual dysfunction in men and women. The aetiological factors contributing to dysfunction are reviewed and grouped into one of three categories: intrapsychic, individual and relationship causes. Cognitive theory is then used to explain the dynamics between these factors. Each of the causes is evaluated by both individuals in the relationship and, depending upon the evaluation that is made, the person reacts in particular ways. These reactions may then lead to the development of a sexual dysfunction. Implications from this model for the treatment of sexual dysfunction are discussed.