The synthesis of partly fluorinated 1,3- and 1,4-dienes by palladium-catalyzed coupling makes these compounds available on the laboratory scale. Several catalyst systems were tested to maximize the yields and minimize the by-products. The molecular structures of 1,1,2,4,4-pentafluorobutadiene, chloro(N,N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)(trifluorovinyl)zinc, PCy(2)R, and P(O)Cy(2)R (Cy=cyclohexyl, R=2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl) were elucidated by X-ray crystallography.
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Akkerman et al. (2008) studied this question.
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