The freezing behaviour of water in polyurea microcapsules was studied through DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and ESR (electron spin resonance) measurements under a non-equilibrium condition to show that supercooling of water becomes more noticeable with decreasing droplet size of the liquid. Thermodynamics of small systems was found applicable to analyse the experimental findings, even though the process of water freezing in the microcapsules was not of an equilibrium nature.
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Yamane et al. (1992) studied this question.
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