Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of β-Quaternary Carbons via a Conjugate Addition of Cyanide to β,β-Disubstituted α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

The first general catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of cyanide to beta,beta-disubstituted alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and N-acylpyrroles was developed using a strontium catalyst derived from Sr(O(i)Pr)(2) and new chiral ligand 5. The reaction exhibited excellent enantioselectivity and a wide substrate scope using 0.5-10 mol % catalyst. 1,4-Adducts containing beta-quaternary carbons were exclusively produced over 1,2-adducts. ESI-MS analysis of the strontium catalyst indicated that the active catalyst was a trimetallic Sr/5 = 3:5 complex. The exclusive 1,4-selectivity was partly due to the ability of the strontium complex to promote both a retro-cyanation reaction from the 1,2-adducts and highly enantioselective conjugate cyanation.