Results of research project to develop design criteria for tower foundations subjected to uplift loads; study was directed primarily to evaluation of uplift resistance of underream type footings; limited results for straight concrete shaft and grillage footings also given; empirical relationships between uplift resistance, footing dimensions, and soil properties for shallow and deep footings; equations permit more reliable evaluation of uplift resistance than previous methods of design based on assumed dimensions of soil failure surface.
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Edward A. Turner (1962) studied this question.