Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: Evaluation With US-Arthrography Using a Sonographic Contrast Agent

Figures

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  Figure 1. US-guided injection of GH joint for performing US-arthrography. A, Patient positioned lateral recumbent position with affected side up; B, US-arthrography showed that the contrast media was accurately injected into GH joint, arrows showed the needle. G, Glenoid fossa; H, Humeral.

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  Figure 2. Transducer position and measurement at the long-axis view of the axillary recess on US-arthrography. A, Transducer was placed at the anatomic sagittal oblique plane with patient seated at the edge of examination table; (B). Calipers were set to measure the maximal height (+) and depth (×) of the axillary recess. H, Humeral.

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  Figure 3. Transducer position and measurement at the short-axis view of the axillary recess on US-arthrography. A, Transducer was placed at the anatomic axial oblique plane with patient seated at the edge of examination table; (B). Calipers were set to measure the maximal width (+) of the axillary recess. The volume was automatically calculated by using the equation of v = 0.52 hwd on the US machine. H, Humeral.

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  Figure 4. US-arthrography of a 62-year-old woman with frozen shoulder for about 6 months demonstrated the finding of intraarticular filling defects (arrowheads). The dotted line outlined the contour of capsule. Del, Deltoid.

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  Figure 5. US-arthrography of a 60-year-old woman with frozen shoulder for about 3 months demonstrated the finding of synovitis-like abnormality in the joint (arrowheads). Hyperechoic microbubbles were retained on the synovium debris floating in the joint fluid (arrowheads).

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  Figure 6. US findings of frozen shoulder patients: (A) Gray-scale US showed a thickened CHL (arrowheads); (B) Gray-scale US showed a thickened inferior capsule; (C) Color Doppler detected an increased vascularity and echotexture in the rotatol cuff interval; C, coracoid; SUP, suparaspinatus tendon; H, humeral head.