We have studied electronic and magnetic properties of Co/Pd(111) by means of spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) was observed in Co films below 3.5 ML, above which the magnetization direction changes from perpendicular to parallel to the surface. It was found that a simple model calculation based on magnetocrystalline anisotropy qualitatively well explains the emergence of the PMA in Co/Pd(111), where the strong hybridisation between Co 3 d and Pd 4 d states at the interface plays a crucial role. The re-orientation of the magnetization direction observed in Co films over 3.5 ML is due to the result of the increase of Co 3 d electrons with orbital moment parallel to the surface as the Co film thickness increases.
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Sawada et al. (2003) studied this question.
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