This method of showing fluid motion utilized the optical interference patterns observed in a flow birefringent liquid when viewed between crossed polarizing plates. The fluid used is an aqueous solution of milling yellow, a commercial dye product. The optical interference patterns are related to the stress distribution and streamline directions in the moving fluid. Fluid preparation and photographic techniques are described. Photographs of the patterns obtained are presented for an orifice in a thin plate and for an unbaffled tube.
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Hargrove et al. (1957) studied this question.