Key result
Among 261 Yemeni patients with rheumatic heart disease, mitral valve disease was the most common lesion (79.7%), predominantly mitral regurgitation, with high rates of heart failure (36%) and atrial fibrillation (33.7%).
Why the study?
Rheumatic heart disease remains a major public health problem and the leading cardiovascular cause of death in children and young adults, causing progressive valve damage and chronic deformity.
Cross-Sectional (n=261)
No
Rheumatic heart disease in Yemen predominantly affects young adults and females, presenting frequently with multivalvular involvement and significant complications such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
Supports heightened RHD vigilance in young Yemeni adults; leaves open prospective studies on prevention.
Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is still a major public health problem and remains the most common cardiovascular cause of death among children and young adults. The recurrent episodes of acute rheumatic heart disease may cause the rapid progressive damage of the heart valves and chronic residual deformity resulting in stenosis or regurgitation or a combination of both stenosis and regurgitation. Methodology: A cross sectional Study, consecutive patients with RHD were enrolled from outpatient cardiac clinics and inpatient department of cardiac center of Al-thawra hospital in Sana’a city, Yemen between January and July 2020. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and coronary angiography characteristics of patients were recorded. Results: 261 consecutive patients with rheumatic heart disease were analyzed with mean age of 33 ± 12.65, female patients represented 62.8% (165), illiterate patients represented 63.6% (166). The majority of the patients about 79.7% (208 patient) had mitral valve disease, 63.6% (166 patient) had aortic valve disease, 10.7% (28 patient) had organic tricuspid valve disease but the Isolated Mitral valve disease 23%( 60) , Isolated Aortic valve disease 10.3% (27) and Isolated organic tricuspid valve disease represent 4.2% (11) , double valve disease (mitral & aortic ) represent 56% (146), triple valve disease (Mitral + Aortic + Tricuspid )represent 6.5% (17).A lot of complications of RHD detected in our study; CHF 36%(94) with low EF <50% in 55.0%(144) and 34% (89) had dilated LV , 33.7%(86) developed AF , 14%(37) of the patient complicated by IE , spontaneous echo contrast 11%(29) but only 7.3%(19) developed Intra cardiac thrombus and new stroke 9.5% ( 25) , pericardial effusion 5.4% (14) and Active ARF 2.3%(6). Conclusion: Rheumatic heart disease is a big medical problem in Yemen and it affects children and young adults of poor and illiterate patients of both genders. The most common valvular lesion reported in our study was multivalvular lesion the predominant pure lesion was Mitral regurgitation followed by Mitral stenosis, Aortic regurgitation, with high organic affection of the tricuspid valve.
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Kebsi et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Rheumatic Heart Disease (n=261). Rheumatic Heart Disease was evaluated on Valvular involvement patterns and complications. Among 261 Yemeni patients with rheumatic heart disease, mitral valve disease was the most common lesion (79.7%), predominantly mitral regurgitation, with high rates of heart failure (36%) and atrial fibrillation (33.7%).
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