Fine structure constants of Mn++ ion are calculated by using overlap and covalent models. The results are compared with Watkins' and Tinkham's experiments. From the sign of D and E determined experimentally, it can be shown that in the case of Mn++ in alkaline chlorides covalency is dominant, while in the case of Mn++ in ZnF2 the overlap effect predominates. It is also shown in each case that our model gives a correct order of magnitude of fine structure constants. Our model also accounts for the fact that the magnitudes of D increase from LiCl to KCl.
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Jun Kondo (1960) studied this question.