Progress in high-luminance LED technology for solid-state lighting

Increasing the luminance of white LEDs to the 200 Mnit level and beyond, opens a completely new design space for a wide range of lighting applications, by allowing significant reductions in optics and luminaire size as well as costs. Moreover, new applications, such as dynamic beam steering, are enabled by the ability to create arrays of densely packed, individually addressable high-luminance emitters. The development of such high-luminance LEDs requires improvements in all LED technology elements. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in epitaxy, die, phosphor, and package technology that are critical to achieving these benefits.