Quality of life after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: Preoperative status and long-term results

BACKGROUND: Restorative proctocolectomy has become the surgical procedure of choice in patients with ulcerative colitis. Only smaller studies have compared postoperative to preoperative quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Patients with ulcerative colitis who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy at least 5 years before and who had filled out a disease-specific validated questionnaire (Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, GIQLI) prior to surgery (n = 128) were included into this follow-up study. Factors potentially influencing QoL at the time of operation were investigated with regard to pre- and postoperative QoL in univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients responded (82%). QoL at least 5 years after colectomy was significantly improved compared to the preoperative situation (109 versus 75). This improvement was evident in all 5 dimensions (P < 0.0001). The Colitis Activity Index (CAI) (P < 0.00001), a shorter duration of the disease (P < 0.05), and a 3-staged procedure (<0.001) were negatively correlated with preoperative QoL, whereas neoplasia (P < 0.001) was positively correlated. Colectomy was the reason for most of the increase in QoL. Ileostomy closure resulted in a further improvement in 3 of 5 dimensions but not in overall QoL. Uni- and multivariate analysis of the difference in QoL before and 5 years after colectomy revealed CAI, the type of operation (both P < 0.001), and neoplasia as significant factors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The patients in the worst clinical situation profit the most from restorative proctocolectomy.