Substorms: Future of magnetospheric substorm—Storm research

We have made good progress in revealing and understanding the great complexity of magnetospheric substorm phenomena and processes during the last two decades. In spite of such advance, however, there are several areas in which a serious attempt for new advance is required. Seven areas are identified for discussion. I would like to encourage the younger generation to take up some of these subjects as a challenge, in particular, efforts to unify the “reconnection” models and the “nonreconnection” models; to image the entire magnetosphere; and to identify the origin of the north‐south component of the interplanetary magnetic field.