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A fully three-dimensional finite-difference time domain numerical model is presented for calculating the out-of-plane radiation loss in photonic-crystal slab waveguides. The propagation loss of a single-line defect waveguide in triangular-lattice photonic crystals is calculated for suspended-membrane, oxidized-lower-cladding, and deeply etched structures. The results show that low-loss waveguides are achievable for sufficiently suspended membranes and oxidized-lower-cladding structures.
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Kuang et al. (2003) studied this question.
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