A novel taper-formed three-guide coupler is presented. Its unique power coupling characteristics are experimentally demonstrated. By virtue of adopting the taper-formed waveguide, the severe restrictions imposed on the device fabrication process are greatly relaxed. This makes the coupler advantageous to application in a variety of integrated optics, such as power splitters and combiners, and as constituent elements of devices like optical isolators.
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Cai et al. (1991) studied this question.
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