Formation of wheelchair handling technique in players with disabilities by means of preparatory exercises

Background and Study Aim. Wheelchair basketball is a leading tool for promoting social rehabilitation and integration for individuals with disabilities. This sport is characterized by high intensity and frequent changes in direction, requiring players not only to develop physical fitness but also to master specific technical skills for effectively handling a sports wheelchair during gameplay. The purpose of the study: to investigate the dynamics of basketball wheelchair handling skills under the influence of a set of preparatory exercises. Materials and Methods. Fourteen athletes representing various functional classes participated in the study on a voluntary basis and in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. A proprietary set of preparatory exercises was applied three times a week for eight weeks as part of a dedicated warm-up during the preparatory phase of the training session. The exercises were structured to gradually increase in difficulty, avoiding overload and adapting the load to the athletes' fitness level. Results. Changes in the T-test results over the course of the study indicate a statistically significant difference (t=2,63; p<0,05). Despite the relatively small improvement in the average time to complete the control exercise (from 25,16 s to 25,09 s), statistical significance indicates that the changes reflect a stable positive effect of the proposed preparatory exercise program. At the same time, an increase in the standard error at the end of the study (from ±1,63 to ±1,69) indicates a variable impact of the proposed program on players of different functional classes, which requires further research. Conclusions. The systematic use of preparatory exercises contributes to the development of wheelchair basketball technique, agility, movement precision, and functional autonomy in athletes. This approach not only improves performance but also reduces the risk of injury, enhances motivation, and expands opportunities for competitive participation. The acquired basic technical elements can be further integrated into ball-handling exercises, forming the foundation for comprehensive training programs for athletes of various functional classes.